Heart defects can be caused by malformations in the heart's walls or by a problem with the valves. As a result, pure and impure blood may mix, or the heart's ability to pump may be compromised. In most cases, heart defects occur by chance during pregnancy. Although genetics and family history are known to play a role, experts are still unsure why they occur. Childhood infections and illnesses can cause heart problems in rare cases, but these are few and far between. If you notice symptoms in your child, consult your pediatrician to see if an underlying condition is acting as a stimulus. As a result, you may be referred to a pediatric cardiologist, who will perform a chest x-ray, an ECG, an ultrasound, or a combination of the three to diagnose the problem.
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